Sonnet 116

Work 116 is about affection in its most perfect structure. It is lauding the wonders of darlings who have gone to one another uninhibitedly, and go into a relationship dependent on trust and comprehension. The initial four lines uncover the artist's pleasure in adoration that is consistent and solid, and won't â€Å"alter when it modification finds. † The accompanying lines broadcast that genuine romance is without a doubt a â€Å"ever-fix'd mark† which will endure any emergency. In lines 7-8, the artist asserts that we might have the option to gauge love somewhat, yet this doesn't mean we completely comprehend it.Love's genuine worth can't be known †it stays a puzzle. The rest of the lines of the third quatrain (9-12), reaffirm the ideal idea of affection that is unshakeable all through time and remains so â€Å"ev'n to the edge of doom†, or passing. In the last couplet, the artist proclaims that, on the off chance that he is mixed up about the consistent, resolute nature of flawless love, at that point he should reclaim every one of his works on affection, truth, and confidence. In addition, he includes that, on the off chance that he has in truth made a decision about affection improperly, no man has ever truly cherished, in the perfect sense that the writer professes.The subtleties of Sonnet 116 are best depicted by Tucker Brooke in his acclaimed release of Shakespeare's sonnets: [In Sonnet 116] the central interruption in sense is after the twelfth line. Seventy-five percent of the words are monosyllables; just three contain a bigger number of syllables than two; none have a place in any degree to the jargon of ‘poetic' lingual authority. There is not all that much, colorful, or powerful in the idea. There are three sudden spike in demand for lines, one sets of twofold endings.There is nothing to comment about the rhyming aside from the upbeat mixing of open and shut vowels, and of fluids, nasals, and quits; nothing to state about the concordance but to call attention to how the vacillating accents in the quatrains give place in the couplet to the unequivocal walk of the practically unrelieved versifying feet. To put it plainly, the artist has utilized one hundred and ten of the least complex words in the language and the two easiest rhyme-plans to deliver a sonnet which has about it no weirdness whatever aside from the oddness of flawlessness. (Brooke, 234)

A Well Balanced Diet Health And Social Care Essay

Part 1IntroductionA even eating regimen is a cardinal segment for more beneficial life. A sound health may only be ensured when the eating routine devoured by person would cover all the required nourishments however in adjusted measure ( Geil and Anderson, 1994 ; Bazzano et al. , 2001 ; Wahlqvist, 2001 ; Anderson and Major, 2002 ; Venn and Mann, 2004 ) . The human eating routine involving every single vital food like H2O, saccharides, proteins, fats, nutrients and minerals, is considered as adjusted ( Potter and Hotchkiss, 1997 ) . Alongside the other imperative nourishments, protein is the basic especially in occasion of children, for their legitimate developing and improvement. Proteins are basic for the perseverance of life as it is basic for the developing and fix of musculuss, castanetss, covering, ligaments, tendons, hair, eyes and different tissues ( Lieberman et al. , 2009 ) . The advantages of protein enhanced eating routine can ne'er be disguised. Taking such eating regimen is of import to fight against contaminations and ailments as it encourages to deliver antibodies to trip our invulnerable framework ( Alexander et al. , 1998 ) . It is proposed to eat up high protein diet for early recuperation from harms. Protein is other than accommodating in blood souring and fixs ( Friedman, 1996 ; Alexander et al. , 1998 ) . The mean everyday protein admission for an ordinary human individual ought to be 56-80 g/twenty-four hours ( 0.8 g/kg natural structure weight/day ) , while for babies it ought to be 2-3 g/kg natural structure weight and children require overabundance 4-5 g proteins day by day for their sound developing and improvement ( Sun et al. , 1999 ; Awan, 2007 ) . Hunger because of protein need is a moving toward flagitious predicament for the hoards whose fundamental eating routine is predominantly contained grains and other dull supplements. A few examinations on nutritionary evaluation each piece great as supplement adjusted sheets in Pakistan have highlighted the occurrence of changing evaluation of protein need some open gatherings of the populace, because of the utilization of low quality and proportion of protein ( GOP, 2008 ) . The individuals eating up protein lacking eating regimens can be experienced numerous surprises like chest threatening neoplastic infection, colon dangerous neoplastic sickness, chest malady and osteoporosis. Kwashiorkor and Marasmus are accounted for as the significant infections because of the protein need and lack of healthy sustenance in third universe states. Marasmus causes loss of fats, solid quality and each piece great as of processing limit ( Alam et al. , 2003 ) . On the different manus, Kwashiorkor typically shows with hydrops, modifications in hair and climb shading material, paleness, megalohepatia, fatigue, awful resistant need and early expire ( Bhan et al. , 2003 ) . These sicknesses are to a great extent found in babies holding diet insufficient in protein or because of the utilization of lower nature of protein ( Barker, 2002 ) . Protein-vitality lack of healthy sustenance other than favors the pathogenesis during famishment ( Reilly, 2002 ) . Consequently recognizing the advantages of protein in the eating routine, the ingestion of protein advanced supplement is of current association of buyers to accomplish quality supplement. Great quality proteins have a significant effect on run into nutritionary requests of the quick turning populace in the turn of events and immature states including Pakistan. The researchers have put forth various attempts to better protein substance and nature of essential supplement ( wheat for Pakistani open ) through various offices. The expanded expenses and constrained supplies of lewd proteins, have outfitted the contemporary research endeavors towards the overview of supplement belongingss and conceivable utilization of protein from locally accessible supplement harvests, especially from under-used or similarly overlooked high protein oil-rich seeds and leguminous plants ( Enujiugha and Ayodele-Oni, 2003 ) . Pakistani populace uses wheat flour and its stocks as their fundamental supplement with a mean utilization of 318 g/individual/day which contributes around 45 for each centum of the whole vitality utilization ( Akhatar et al. , 2009 ) . Be that as it may, wheat can't give the reasonable proteins as it is missing with irreplaceable amino acids like lysine ( Rehman et al. , 2001 ) . On different manus leguminous plant grains and beans are wealthy in lysine and accordingly the consolidation of these potential beginnings of adjusted proteins into the wheat flour for the creation of high protein stocks like bars, rolls and even chapatis can non just advance the protein quality yet next to uplift the mineral substance and their handiness ( Bressani, 1993 ) . Grain leguminous plants are famous as of import beginnings of supplement and provender proteins, other than called as ‘the hapless grown-up male ‘s meat ‘ . In numerous states, leguminous plant seeds are considered as the isolating start of protein in the eating regimen ( Marcello and Cristina, 1997 ) . Other than the leguminous plant proteins contain significant total of lysine which an irreplaceable amino corrosive, yet on opposite, the vast majority of the grains are absent with lysine ( Alobo, 2001 ) . In add-on to healthfully of import, the leguminous plants are other than being perceived as holding therapeudic and medicinal belongingss, for example, hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolemic properties ( Shahzadi et al. , 2007 ) . Nutritionists around the universe recommend that the throbs ( grain vegetables ) like garbanzo and beans ought to be consolidated in the everyday eating routine to bring down the glycaemic list and to achieve an extent of different wellbe ing benefits ( Muzquiz and Wood, 2007 ) . Gram, other than named as Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L. ) , is one of the most established and the generally devoured leguminous plants known to man, particularly in tropical and semitropical nations ( Singh et al. , 1991 ) . The flour of decorticated gm seeds is utilized in a few dishes and as an addendum in ablactating supplement blends, staff of life and scones ( Bau et al. , 1997 ) . Gram is wealthy in protein and low in fat which is to a great extent of polyunsaturated nature ( Singh et al. , 1992 ) . Grams other than contain significant entireties of dietetic fiber and consequently they demonstrate as a solid start of saccharides for people with insulin affectability or diabetes. Chickpeas contain around 23 for every centum protein, 64 for each centum whole saccharides ( 47 for each centum amylum, 6 for every centum dissolvable sugar ) , 5 for every centum fat, 6 for each centum oil fiber, 3 for every centum debris and high mineral substance ( Champ, 2001 ; Boye et al. , 2009 ) . The consolidation of protein-rich leguminous plant flours, for example, gram flour in bakeshop stocks like staff of life and rolls can accomplish the finish of protein enhancement ( Patel and Rao, 1996 ; Singh et al. , 1996 ; Gandhi et al. , 2001 ; Sharma and Chauhan, 2002 ) . These composite flours have demonstrated numerous handy usages and are being utilized in various pieces of the Earth to elevate the nutritionary and useful belongingss of flour ( Shahzadi et al. , 2005 ) . In present day expresses the composite flour building is broadly used to make various kinds of adust and expelled stocks. Among prepared bakeshop stocks, rolls handle huge notoriety in provincial each piece great as in urban nations among all the age bunches ( Agrawal, 1990 ) . The term scone was gotten from the Latin word biscoctus, proposing twice cooked ( Macrae et al. , 1993 ) . Overall the word roll is utilized in European states and the term treats in the USA. Rolls are mainstream basic food item, devoured by a wide extent of populaces, because of their lovely gustatory sensation, delayed timeframe of realistic usability and simple handiness at sensibly ease ( Gandhi et al. , 2001 ) . Treats are of import supplement civilian armies for individuals occupied with geographic undertakings and dangerous sea trips, in war and different fiascoes ( Mlaik and Sheik, 1976 ) . As a result of the opposition in the market and expanded interest for sound, perceived and very much structured stocks, endeavors are being gained to ground the wholesome worth and usefulness of rolls by seting their nutritious forming. Such properties can be accomplished by expanding the proportions of wholegrain common stuffs or various sorts of dietetic strands, other than wheat, leguminous plants and throbs, in the fundamental equations of rolls with the push to raise protein quality and substance, mineral substance and their handiness ( Hooda and Jood, 2005 ; Tyagi et Al 2006 ) . Enhanced rolls produced using diverse low evaluated beginnings, for example, leguminous plants or throbs flour alongside wheat flour, are required to fight with a few needs, for example, the hapless quality and lesser handiness of protein experienced in the characteristic wheat flour scones ( Akubor, 2003 ) . The high wholesome treats can be set up from composite flours, for example, wheat flour invigorated with soy, cottonseed, throbs, nut, mustard or maize sources flour ( Tsen, 2006 ) . Protein giving element for scones should hold wonderful soul, low H2O absorbing limit and high protein productivity proportion ( PER ) . It should neither contrarily influence the spread proportion and surface ( for example , weakness ) nor cause any huge adjustment in the mixture consistence, snap and attractive preparing responses ( Lorenz, 1983 ) . The test of picking the best reasonable protein starting has outfitted pastry shop industry to research such fixings which give attractive nutritionary and utilitarian highlights to the heated stocks ( Tyagi et al. , 2006 ) . Keeping in position the significance of protein enhanced eating regimen, present endeavor was intended to achieve the undermentioned points: To fix protein enhanced treats by using gram flour To quantify nutritionary and substance belongingss of protein improved cookiesChapter 2REVIEW OF LITERATUREEvery new research and logical review requests to bring an articulation into the old work done in the applicable field. Thus, the prior surveies upon protein improved bakeshop stocks demonstrated that the incorp

AdSense Optimization Readers friendly ad unit for increase earnings significantly

AdSense Optimization Readers friendly ad unit for increase earnings significantly AdSense Optimization is a process where you can modify your ad units which will improve the quality of your site as well as it will increase Ad revenue steadily. There are many site those are lose traffic only for misplacement of Ads. Including multiple affiliates ads in one site make slower that create drawbacks for visitors in slowerInternetconnection. However webmaster think that more ads means more revenue but this concept is totally wrong. Remember that Ads always make hindrance for readers and many of them stop visiting those website permanently. As a result rapid drop of traffic lead to fall of revenue from ads. For this reason we have to optimize ads thus by using maximize ad space with multiple ad unit we can increase our AdSense ad revenue. On the other hand our site will run faster. In AdSense how many Ads and Ads unit we can use? This is a simple question but most of the newbie dont know about this. We can use following AdSense ads and ads unit- 3 Ad Unites (e.g. 300x250 Medium Rectangle, 728x90 Leaderboard) 3 Link Ads (e.g. Text link only) 2 Search Ads (e.g. 2 Ads appear on search result only) If you add all type of ads in your blog or website then your site must become slower. So we have to place recommended ads size which has recommended by Google. According to Google those recommended Ad size can increase your Ads revenue by 25% without slowing your site. Because performance of those Ad unit help you to build better site. The most recommended Ad units are- 336x280 Large Rectangle 300x250 Medium Rectangle 728x90 Leaderboard 160x600 Wide Skyscraper And obviously those Ad size perform well in any website because those are readers friendly. Google AdSense only focus on Ad units rather focusing on Text link ads and search ads, because Ad units contain banner ads which are easily attract site visitors and they feel interest to click on Ads. Nevertheless, Google told that if your revenue drop after using their recommended Ad size then you can stop using those. If your site still got better speed they you can tailor your site by text link. Because text ads link fit in any location of your site. The above image showing the performance of different AdSense ad units. Where found larger Ad unit generate higher revenue. In case of search Ads there are many confusion because it not easy to setup but response rate is quite low. Readmore: How to Setup Google AdSense for Google Custom Search Result Page? In conclusion, all sites are not equal so all recommended ads may not work for your site. But based on most of the AdSense users they have found the best result on recommended ads size. However Ad size is not only factors to generate higher revenue, rather there are many factors involve to boost up your AdSense ads revenue. I will explain those factors in several articles which will publish as series. So stay tunes for best guideline.

Science Fiction A Vehicle for Social Criticism - 602 Words

As creator of a literary work, the author is presented the opportunity to share his or her opinions with the reader. Typically, these views are in regards to past, present or future issues within society. Science fiction however, offers a unique way to present these observations. It opens up endless ways to convey a point using scientific and technological creations of the authors imagination. It welcomes the use of realities that often would not work in any genre other than science fiction. A wonderfully clear example of this is found in James Tiptree Jrs The Girl Who Was Plugged In. This clearly portrays Tiptrees criticisms of what society deems normal or socially acceptable, as well as his disapproval at the response those who do not fit into this mold receive. It also illustrates his displeasure for the idolism of celebrities, and the negative effects of certain methods of advertising on humanity. Tiptree utilizes Philadelphia Burke to make his point. Burke is physically deformed due to disease, and is the opposite of what her world finds beautiful. Her hatred of herself becomes so strong she attempts suicide, a scenario all too familiar in todays world of perfectionism and bullying. After failing in her attempt to end her life, she is forced to become a scientific experiment in advertising, encouraging society to dive further into appreciation for all the wrong things. Another equally interesting instance is seen in Baby You Were Great by Kate Wilhem. Here,Show MoreRelatedScience Fiction and Fantasy1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe question is whether it is possible to distinguish between fantasy and true science fiction. I am reminded of the analogy, attributable I believe, to Theodore Sturgeon, of the elf ascending vertically the side of a brick wall. In a science fiction story the knees of the elf would be bent, his center of gravity thrown forward, his stocking cap hanging down his neck, with his feet quite possibly equipped with some form of suction cups. In a fantasy, on the other hand, the elf would simply strideRead MoreSocial Critism Presented throughout Fantasy in Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury and The Memoirs of a Survivor by Doris Lessing1515 Words   |  6 Pagesimprobable in literature. Fantasy if often used in correspondence to social criticism, which deals with the exposure of problems, issues and conditions in a society with a flawed social structure, where criticism usually addresses cultural, economic and political issues in a society. This paper will analyze two fiction based novels and the social criticism present throughout this genre of fantasy. With regards to social criticism, this paper will compare and contrast Fahrenheit 451 by Ray BradburyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew William Shakespeare’s romantic comedy, The Taming of1100 Words   |  5 PagesTaming of the Shrew, is an embodiment of the context in which the text was shaped, the Renaissance. The Renaissance period was a time of progression, primarily in the areas of art, science, humanism, religion and self-awareness. The Renaissance focused on taking elements of the past including religion, art and science and adapting them to make them better. Humanists advocated for the freedom of the individuals intellect through acceptance and celebration. This emphasis on â€Å"individualism† howeverRead MoreWomen s Dream By Rokeya Shekhawat Hossain Essay1751 Words   |  8 PagesWhile feminists have been using literature to spread their beliefs and to advocate gender equality for centuries, science fiction as a genre is traditionally masculinist in its approach to the ideology of humanity. Within science fiction texts, human values are frequently represented by white male protagonists wh o become capable of overcoming natural limitations while women are reduced to insignificant supporting roles. Feminism seeks to counter such sexist depictions of humanity, and although suchRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Is The Intelligence Exhibited By Machines Or Software1621 Words   |  7 Pagesperceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defines it as the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. AI research is highly technical and specialized, and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is alsoRead More Detective Fiction Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Essay1802 Words   |  8 Pagesbook to be described as detective fiction there must be a central mystery and one that by the end of the book is solved satisfactorily and logically, not by good luck or intuition, but by intelligent deduction from clues honestly if deceptively presented.† (James. 2009: 16). This is traditionally conducted via a detective; a figure deployed within the narrative structure ‘whose occupation is to investigate crimes’ (Oxford. 2006: 202). Therefore detective fiction represents an enigma, a puzzle toRead MoreThe Problems Of Artificial Intelligence1617 Words   |  7 Pagesas a sin gularity, where learning and self-improvement rates increase exponentially. After this event, they will achieve superintelligence status and will likely surpass human capabilities in almost every way imaginable. While it may sound like science fiction, fear mongering, or fantasy, prominent members of the scientific and technology worlds have voiced their concern about superintelligence. Bill Gates, Elon Musk, and Stephen Hawking have all expressed their concern for the possibility of a near-futureRead MoreThe Life of Virginia Woolf Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesmanic-depressive, found herself constantly searching for approval. Virginia needed her mothers approval in order to measure her own stature (Bond 38). Battling with a sense of worthlessness, Virginias mother helped her temporarily rid herself of self-criticism and doubt. This however was short-lived. When Mrs. Stephen rejected Virginia, she felt her mothers disapproval directly related to the quality of her writing. Virginia Woolf could not bear to reread anything she had written#8230; Mrs. StephensRead MoreStories2682 Words   |  11 PagesCharles Dickens is perhaps the foremost English 19th century novelist, famous for such works as Oliver Twist, Great Expectations and Nicholas Nickleby. A feature of many of his novels is a combination of great narrative skills with an interest in the social problems of his time. As well as his major novels, though, he also wrote a number of short stories, of which The Signalman is one. In common with a number of stories about the supernatural, the narrator of this story is a sceptic, puzzled by theRead More How The Twilight Zone Reflected American Society in the 1950s4909 Words   |  20 Pagesand conservative surface dramatic social changes were brewing, changes as obvious as integration and as subtle as fast food. And imagine, if you will, a radical television show that scrutinized, criticized, and most importantly, publicized these changes, making the social turmoil of a nation apparent to its post-world war, self-contented middle-class citizens. But what if this television show was not as it appeared? What if it masqueraded as simple science fiction, and did not reveal its true agenda

Comparison Of Wuthering Heights And Othello

Compare and contrast how love is explored in ‘Wuthering Heights’ and ‘Othello’ The theme of love is found throughout the complete history of literature and is still being explored in a vast majority of works today. It is a theme that brings strong emotions to both the characters and the audience. â€Å"Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs†, an extract from Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is one of the examples of this love throughout literature. This quote shows the negative side of love, â€Å"made with the fume of sighs† makes you think that love is produced from bad things. This is because the word â€Å"sighs† is a reaction to something unfortunate happening. Both ‘Othello’ and ‘Wuthering Heights’ show a negative side of love of the much explored theme of love. Characters driven by desire, lying just to try and catch a glimpse of love, and overall heartache – all these things are shown in the two texts. They truly show just how â€Å"love is a smoke made with the fume of sigh s†. Cathy, Heathcliff, Desdemona and Othello all go against the society expectations of the times set. â€Å"That I did love the Moor to live with him, my downright violence and storm of fortunes, may trumpet to the world. My heart’s subdued†, this shows how much Desdemona loves Othello. It shows how much Desdemona loves Othello. It shows the passionate love that she has for him, â€Å"violence and storm of fortunes† portrays the passion in her heart. The word â€Å"storm† suggests that her love for Othello is in the momentShow MoreRelatedThe Obsessive Nature Of The Love Felt By Othello, By William Shakespeare2617 Words   |  11 Pagesthree texts seem to contain a fundamental principle which acts as a barrier for ‘love’ – whether it be religiously, culturally or evolutionary. Firstly, it is difficult to identify the obsessive nature of the love felt by Othello, at the beginning of William Shakespeare’s Othello, as his love towards Desdemona could be interpreted as ‘agape’ or certainly be seen as unconditional since the couplet persistently demonstrate a meaningful, more philosophical love towards one another. When used by ChristiansRead MoreCompare and Contrast How the Main Protagonists Experience Being Outsiders Within Their Respective Societies.2198 Words   |  9 Pagesrespective societies. The experience of being outsiders is explored by William Shakespeare in ‘Othello’, Emily Bronte in ‘Wuthering Heights’ and Robert Browning in his Dramatic Monologues. Shakespeare explores the theme of alienation through a character considered an outsider by the society in which he lives in. Similarly Emily Bronte explores Heathcliff and the obstacles he faces at Wuthering Heights. Browning’s Dramatic Monologues illustrate the minds of psychotic lovers who are all possessiveRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 Pages King Lear Anna Karenina Madame Bovary As I Lay Dying The Mill on the Floss The Awakening Moby-Dick Billy Budd Mrs. Dalloway Bleak House Native Son Bless Me,Ultima One Hundred Years of Solitude Catch-22 Othello Crime and Punishment The Scarlet Letter The Crucible Slaughterhouse-Five A Farewell to Arms Song of Solomon Ghosts The Stone Angel The Great Gatsby The Stranger Heart of Darkness A Tale of Two Cities The House of

The Effects Of Victorian Society s Unrealistic...

This source is an essay examining how Wilde shows â€Å"the impact of Victorian society’s unrealistic expectations of the individual† in both The Importance of Being Earnest and The Picture of Dorian Gray. In the article, she talks about gender roles and societal expectations along with the ways characters in the play conform to or reject them. Although the essay is written by a student at McKendree University, the writing is not difficult to understand. This essay is well-documented and seems unbiased. I can use this information when analyzing the ways Wilde challenges Victorian conventions in my essay. In this article, the author discusses gender roles in The Importance of Being Earnest by examining the â€Å"social implications and power†¦show more content†¦The source seems credible since the website is published by Yale University. Also, the research does not seem biased. The author documents Professor Ellis Hanson’s interpretations of The Importance of Being Earnest. Hanson notes that Wilde mocks marriage and satirizes the decay of lying. He also suggests that Wilde’s use of â€Å"Ernest,† which has multiple meanings, can be viewed as a â€Å"homosexual double entendre.† Hanson’s views are novel and interesting. And since he is an English professor at Cornell University, he is also credible. I hope to use this source to provide more examples of how Wilde uses his cynicism to â€Å"criticize elements of Victorian society.† According to its description, this article discusses the way the play depicts â€Å"power in interpersonal relations.† Unfortunately, the article consists of thirty-two pages of scholarly ramblings that have little to do with the actual play. The contents of the pages cover topics ranging from Oscar Wilde’s sexual partners to the â€Å"psychic origins† of the play. Although this source seems credible since it came from a magazine published by Rutgers University, I do not think it is relevant to my topic. I doubt I will be using this source when writing my paper. The source seems credible since it was published by the Cambridge University Press, a respected university in England. The author also cites research to back up her claims. However, his article does not relate to the play The Importance of Being

Importance of Auditor’s Independence and Professional Skepticism

Question: What is Importance of Auditors Independence and Professional Skepticism? Answer: Introduction The present report specifies the importance of independence and professional scepticism while planning and conducting an audit of an organisation. It is necessary that sufficient appropriate evidence should be attained by auditor so that a fair opinion can be presented relating to financial statements. The main objective of the external auditor is to apply professional standards conducting an audit and the same adhere the call for the appropriate application of professional scepticism and independence for the formation of appropriate opinion on the financial statement (Rahman, Moniruzzaman and Sharif, 2013). Scepticism is a required attitude for enhancing the auditors ability in exercising professional judgment is ascertaining and responding to circumstances which indicate the possibility of material misstatements in financial statements. Further potential threats relating to same have also been discussed in the report with appropriate safeguards relating to them. Literature review The importance of independent audit is heightened as the same increase the degree of user confidence in financial statements and other documents. Various organisations have to face difficult economic conditions which give rise to financial reporting challenges like the existence of going concern assumption, evaluation of fair value and policies adopted for selecting appropriate accounting policies for the preparation of financial statements (Nickell and Roberts, 2014). Australian Securities and Investment Commission have also presented concern regarding the application of professional scepticism in auditing. In order to enact a measure of appropriate scepticism it is necessary that there must be enough understanding of concepts and the factors which underlie at different structural levels which influence it. U.S. and international standard stress on questioning the critical assessment of audit evidence and a varied interpretation are available relating to it. The factors which enhance the application of appropriate professional scepticism assist organisation in avoiding alleged audit deficiencies. It has been analysed that unless all the parties completely understand all the factors which affect the professional scepticism; the solutions will be not to assess completely for the same and cost would overweighs benefit. For the purpose of enhancing the application of proposed solutions must consider the manner in which it affects each structural level and mitigates factors which are already in place (Libby and Emmett, 2014). External auditors already know the responsibility relating to appropriate professional scepticism throughout the audit. Auditors independence requires a free state of mind which permits the provision of opinion not being influenced or compromise the professional judgment and allow the allow the auditor to take a decision with integrity, objectivity and professional scepticism. The International Federation of Accountants has specified a framework of principles which provide assurance to team members, and it used for identifying threat for independence and measuring the significance of that threat. In case the threat is clearly insignificant and in such state, then safeguards are being applied for reducing them to an acceptable level such that independence of appearance, as well as the independence of mind, is not compromised. Auditors Independence Auditors independence requires independence of mind as well as the independence of appearance. In accordance with the Singapore Standard on Auditing (SSA) Auditor is allow to act with integrity and exercise professional scepticism while conducting and planning audit. Independence of appearance means the state of mind which allow the auditor to provide opinion without being affected or compromise in terms of professional judgment is known as the independence of mind (Soliman and Ragab, 2014). This standard ensures that all facts and circumstances are avoided; knowledge is availed from third parties while forming an opinion or conducting an audit. Independence word itself lead to suppose that professional judgment is to be applied and the same ought to be free from all the economic, financial and other relationships. The same was concluded in a matter of Rosenberg Rich Baher Berman Co. et at and SEC Administrative Proceeding Release no. 34-69767,2013 that auditor independence is viola ted in case he provides prohibited non-audit services. Further in the case of LIAN BENG: DECONSTRUCTING REMUNERATION same judgment was provided. In this case intense scrutiny has been done by the Singapore Exchange (SGX), as well as experts. Auditor independence plays a pivotal role in providing unbiased and honest professional judgment which is the primary duty of auditor. It has been observed that doubt is expressed relating to the independence of the external auditor (Knechel and Salterio, 2016). At the same time, it is being argued that it is very necessary that corporate governance measures are in place for an auditor to providing an appropriate opinion regarding financial statements. In the case of Total Wealth Management Inc, SEC Administrative Proceeding, 2014 WL 3401161 it was concluded that auditor does not provide an independent opinion in case he assesses his own work. The significance of economic, financial and other relations are evaluated after considering the informa tion received from third parties and at the same can be attained only if independence is provided to the auditor. Professional Skepticism Professional scepticism can be said as an attitude for being alert for the circumstances which might indicate possible misstatements or contradict with available audit evidence. As per provisions of SSA 200 the independence of auditor is important so that the opinion which is formed on financial statements is not influenced by any relationship between them. Professional scepticism is important for enhancing the effectiveness of audit procedure. Study of Ikechukwu (2013) shows that the same decreases the possibility of selecting inappropriate audit procedures, misapplication of inappropriate audit procedures; neglecting unusual transactions and misconstruing audit results. It provides assistance in taking a decision relating to nature, timing and selection of audit procedures; ascertains and evaluating sufficient appropriate evidence; assessing the managements results as well as judgment and concluding the base which is to be formed for the purpose of attaining audit evidence. Profess ional scepticism required to be applied at every level that is engagement level, planning and conducting an audit and forming an opinion on financial statements (Ikechukwu, 2013). In the case of James T Adams, CPA SEC Administrative Proceeding it was concluded that individual auditor and associate company is treated as one entity and as in this professional scepticism was not applied the same was concluded that auditors independent is impaired, and the penalty was charge from the claimant. At engagement level, it is necessary for ascertaining the integrity of owners as well as management. With this case, regulations regarding professional scepticism has been rigid for auditors as well as companies. Application of professional scepticism ascertains as well as assesses the risk of material misstatement and the same is done through performing risk assessment procedures and evaluating assessment of risk through modification of audit procedures. Same has been violated in the case of Wal- Mart and News Corp, FCPA due to which modification in regulation has been made. Analysis of potential threat to independence and Professional skepticism in planning and performing in audit A variety of threats have been recognised relating to auditor independence and professional scepticism such as self-interest threat; familiarity threat; self-review threat; intimidation threat; advocacy threat and the same have been specified with their safeguard: Self- Interest Threat: In case auditor is financially dependent on the audit client or in case he is closely associated with him due to any other interest; in that situations, circumstances exist for self-interest threat. The risk relating to this threat can be mitigated by making understand management the importance of auditors independence and its role in the formation of opinion (Tassadaq and Malik, 2015). Familiarity Threat: This threat exists when there is a relationship between auditor and the client or in case the auditor provides advice or acts in a management The safeguard that should be applied are: an independent individual can be appointed for overviewing the work and providing suggestion so that in case any material misstatement exist the same can be lowered to an acceptable level (Contessotto and Moroney, 2014). The same threat arose in the case of Scott London, CPA,SEC, 2013 in which partner provided inside information to his friend in exchange for jewellery and cash , and it was concluded that independence rules had been violated and audit is not done independently. Self Review Threat: This specific threat arises in circumstances when the auditor has to audit work done by a member of his audit team, colleague or partner. As a threat of biases arises in these situations that the transaction would have been entered appropriately or the work has been assessed in an appropriate manner, and no material misstatement exists (Weiss, 2014). For mitigating the risk relating to same threat independence issue should be discussed with management including audit committee so that the same is made available to the auditor and appropriate opinion is formed by the auditor. Another method which can be applied is a review of the accounts by a qualified and independent individual so that it can be appropriately assessed that whether any material misstatement exists or not. Intimidation threat: These threats arises in situation where auditor is in a position of being overtly or covertly compelled by managing authorities or by other interested parties. For example this threat arise, if an audit team is threatened with replacement if they made disagreement regarding the application of auditees regarding particular accounting principle, or if an auditor is forced to believe that that an expression of auditees of client dissatisfaction will impose significant threat to their career within the firm Inherent Biases: The brain quickly makes an unconscious decision in accordance with detail provided in first impressions. Thus the same as believing subsequent colour thinking in accordance to which the person thinks about further issues. Professional Scepticism can be said as a conscious tool for dealing the issue relating to biases while auditing (Abdullatif, 2013). It is true that safeguard requires time and continuous efforts and is successful only in case the same is implemented with diligence. Therefore the present threat can be mitigated with the application of professional scepticism while planning as well as conducting an audit. Other general safeguards which can be applied for mitigating the risk relating to independence and professional scepticism of auditor are to discuss with management regarding the importance of ethical behaviour and make them act in public interest. Policies and procedures relating to the identification of ethical threat should be in associate with the policies followed by the organisation (Young, 2013). Conclusion It can be concluded from above discussion that auditors independence and professional scepticism plays a pivotal role in forming an appropriate opinion on financial statements. Thus scepticism can be said as a necessary attitude which is to be applied by the auditor in all the stages while conducting an audit for attaining sufficient appropriate evidence. Therefore it can be said that consistent application of professional scepticism imperative auditor in the formation of opinion on financial statements. References Books and journals Abdullatif, M., 2013. Fraud risk factors and audit programme modifications: Evidence from Jordan. Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal. 7(1),P.59. Contessotto, C. and Moroney, R. 2014. The association between audit committee effectiveness and audit risk. Accounting Finance,.54(2).Pp.393-418. Ikechukwu, O.I., 2013. Earnings management and corporate governance. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 4(3), pp.51-56. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016. Auditing: assurance and risk. Routledge. Libby, R. and Emmett, S.A., 2014. Earnings presentation effects on manager reporting choices and investor decisions.Accounting and Business Research, 44(4), pp.410-438. McKee, T.E., 2014. Evaluating financial fraud risk during audit planning. The CPA Journal, 84(10), P.28. Nickell, E.B. and Roberts, R.W., 2014. Organizational legitimacy, conflict, and hypocrisy: An alternative view of the role of internal auditing. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 25(3).,Pp.217-221. Rahman, M.M., Moniruzzaman, M. and Sharif, M.J., 2013. Techniques, motives and controls of earnings management. International Journal of Information Technology and Business Management, 11(1), pp.22-34. Soliman, M.M. and Ragab, A.A., 2014. Audit committee effectiveness, audit quality and earnings management: an empirical study of the listed companies in Egypt. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting. 5(2).Pp.155-166. Tassadaq, F. and Malik, Q.A., 2015. Creative Accounting Financial Reporting: Model Development Empirical Testing. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(2). Weiss, J.W., 2014. Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Young, M.R., 2013. Financial Fraud Prevention and Detection: Governance and Effective Practices. John Wiley Sons.

How to Turn Your Ivy League Deferral Into An Acceptance

As the early decision results come flooding in, there is a mixture of feelings in the air. If you were deferred and are worried about what to do next we have this to say: dont panic!While some settle in for Christmas with their acceptance letter in hand, others have to wait just a tiny bit longer after finding out they have been deferred to regular decision. Deferrals from early decision are very common and they certainly don’t mean you won’t get into that school. However, there are steps you can take to ensure a place at your dream school this Fall. We have compiled the advice from some of our top Admits who were deferred from universities such as Yale and Cornell but decided to take action and ensure their regular decision place. Take it from our Admits and secure your future college! 1. Taking RisksStudent advice from Afternoontea, UPenn 17: I applied to several schools early action, but none early decision because I was afraid I wouldnt be able to afford it. When I found that that I was deferred from Georgetown University, I decided to make a much more riskier essay my personal statement. I also forwarded this essay to Georgetown,. At this time I also got a professor from the college I was taking classes at at the time to rewrite me another letter of recommendation. I had this letter sent out to my additional schools, and Georgetown. I also sent Georgetown an updated resume. In the end, I got into Georgetown as well as other very selective schools. Unlock her full Penn profile to learn more about her application experience! 2. Sending Additional MaterialsStudent advice fromJFie023, Harvard 17: If you are deferred after early admission (I was deferred to Harvard under early action before being admitted under regular) you should definitely send more material to the admissions office. An easy recommendation is to send one or two more letters of recommendations from teachers who will write good letters while also being honest. I’ve always felt that teachers who are honest end up writing the best recommendation letters; if they enjoyed having you as a student, they will make that clear to the reader. Another tactic which can be helpful would be to include updates of awards, achievements or titles you may win after sending in your application. Often times, you might obtain that academic award, debate title or community service recognition after you send in your application. If it’s something that is unique and important, it will in no way hurt your application and it will demonstrate you’re not slacking now that your college decisions are out. In general, it is good to send some additional information after getting deferred as it shows you are still interested in that institution and want to get in despite not getting via early action. Unlock his full Harvard application file to learn more about his application experience. 3. Choose Which School to Focus OnStudent Advice from KatieS, Cornell 17: So I was waitlisted at both Cornell and Rice, and in the meantime committed to Carnegie Mellon. I wasnt sure if I wanted to pursue both Cornell and Rice and feel honest/put my whole effort into both, so I focused on Cornell. After being waitlisted there, I emailed the admissions office twice with updates on my life/achievements since I had applied, and made sure to state that Cornell was my first choice and that I would accept their offer if I got off the waitlist. I wasnt really expecting to get off it, but then I received a call in mid-May and needless to say I was thrilled! I think that contacting the office enough to emphasize how much you want to go there, along with adding updates to make yourself seem like an impressive candidate, is definitely a good idea, just as long as you dont contact them too much and become an annoyance. Like I said, I didnt focus on Rice at all, so I wasnt really surprised when I got an email from them during the summer stating that there was no more r oom for me in their class and that I was rejected. I was fine with it, though, since I already knew I was going to Cornell! Unlock her full Cornell profile to read her application essays and advice!4. Be Careful What You Send In Student advice from JohnSing, UPenn 18: After being deferred I sent two additional recommendation letters, and a letter expressing my continued interest and updating the admissions office with new information. The letter also had some information about who I wasthings that werent on the application. Just about my personality. The writing wasnt bragging it was meant to make me seem likable. In reality I probably send WAYYYY too many additions things. Colleges say they dont like when you do this. Perhaps the rec letters I send really helped? (I think they might have). Unlock his full Penn profile to read his application essays and advice!5. Be Judicious about the Additional Materials You Send InStudent advice fromDLKW, Dartmouth 20: I was waitlisted/deferred at two schools, both of which I was ultimately denied from. For one my schools, I submitted some more awards that I did not list on my application awards section. In retrospect, I do not think that this was a very good idea as these awards were all awards from my school (i.e. not national or even regional level awards/recognition) and probably were very meager accomplishments considering the elite level of the school I was deferred from. I also hand-wrote a card to my admissions officer at the school I was deferred from (obviously, this did not turn out in my favor or help my case that much)! The second school I was waitlisted at, I only responded to their waitlist question (the do you wish to stay on our waitlist option) and I wrote a really brief generic email to the admissions office essentially saying that I had nothing new to report (which I did not.) and that I continued to uphold my very good academic record (this may have been a very slight stretch s ince I was nearing the end of senior year). Unlock her Dartmouth profile to see his full application essays and advice. Look over your early application and see how you can better improve your essays and additional materials. Remember, while sending in additional materials can be helpful, do not over do it and only do it if you have something new to add to your early application. For more application advice, try ourAdvice Searchto get your application questions answered. Ourpremium plansoffer different levels of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school. Unlock any of ourpackagesor search ourundergraduate profile databaseto find specific profiles that can help you make an informed choice about where to apply! We have 60,000+ successfulcollege application filesuploaded by college students. See how they got in, and how you can too!

Blue Ocean Strategy Paper Essays (725 words) - Marketing

Blue Ocean Strategy Paper Essays (725 words) - Marketing Blue Ocean Strategy Paper MKT/421 November 30, 2015 The blue ocean strategy is a unique marketing approach aimed to building a strong customer base. The strategy aims to develop a new market segment within the industry and does not focus on overcrowded existing markets with a lot of competition. In the recent years, with the advancement of technology and global development the blue ocean strategy has evolved. This paper will cover the blue ocean strategy and red ocean strategy and give examples of both. Sometimes a new product must sell for less than a competitor even though the new product is far superior in quality than the industry leader. Blue ocean strategy eliminates the need to compete with existing competitors by creating a brand new marketplace that has no competition. By introducing a product that is new and does not have a market, a company is able to use this strategy to build a strong product that will increase profits and revenues. Through advertising of the new product or service, a company can create their own market without having to worry about other competitors. When you are the first to create a market for a product, it is easier for you to create loyal fans and customers. An example of a blue ocean move would be when Nintendo decided to create its own market when the gaming system developed the Wii in 2006. The controllers that were incorporated into the controllers required the user to be more active because of the sensors. This prompted gamers to become more active and parents were more likely to buy this product for their kids because it let them play indoors safely and keep them physical. Mario Kart was another reason many fell in love with the Nintendo Wii. Now people could play this beloved game by the motion of the controller to make it more engaging and interactive. Red ocean strategy is the complete opposite of blue ocean strategy. The alternative creates a product in an already established marketplace. There are a few benefits to going this route. Companies can use the current products in existence to develop something better based on the feedback from consumers. This eliminates the process of trial and error in a blue ocean movement. There is already an established demand so the business no longer needs to spend so much in educating the customer about this new product. The only downfall to this strategy is it can be very difficult to find a niche within mature markets. There are already main competitors who have taken most of it. An example of a red ocean move would be how Ford and Chevy are competing with the Mustang and Camaro respectively. Every year each brand releases a variant of each car that so called one ups the other brand. Some years there are more than one variant upgrades. Both brands try to do a redesign within 2 years of the other to keep buyers clamoring for more. Neither brand needed to re-educate its customer on the cars, because of the brand loyalty. Both cars were there at the start of the pony car wars, and the history of them. Marketing strategies are plentiful for companies to choose from. Both the blue ocean and red ocean strategy has its own pros and cons. Blue ocean strategy can be more lucrative and companies will not have to worry about competition when they create their own marketplace. However, a red ocean strategy can still be beneficial because there is already a proven demand and need for this market. The only issue is there is more risk and cost in competing with current competitors. Cited References Barger, V.A., & Labrecque, L. I. (2013). An integrated marketing communications perspective on social media metrics. International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, 5(1), 64-67. Kim, W., & Mauborgne, R. (2004). Blue ocean strategy. Harvard Business Review, 82(10), 76-84. Casey, Kevin P (2006): Nintendo hopes Wii spells winner. In: USA Today, August 15th, 2006,usatoday.com/tech/gaming/2006-08-14-nintendo-qa_x.htm , accessed on June 16th, 2011. LeBlanc, J. (2014, October 13). Ford and Chevrolet's battle for muscle car supremacy has been a long and bruising affair. Retrieved November 28, 2015, from http://driving.ca: http://driving.ca/chevrolet/camaro/auto-news/entertainment/mustang-vs-camaro-nothing-civil-about-this-american-pony-car-war

Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sports - Essay Example For example, the 100 Metres race is known to be dominated by black people. White people shy away from it because they assume that they do not have the energy to run as fast as the blacks do. On the other hand, white people dominate swimming more than the black people do. White people are known to spend most of their time in water. This creates the perception to blacks that whites are best at swimming, and other races in the sport cannot replace them. This essay will explain the effects of race in sports, and how it affects the performance of participants in different fields of sports. Most people and participants know the effect of race on sports. In various universities in the USA, there are certain sports that are mostly practised only by people of a certain racial identity. This has a lot to do with the economic condition of people who belong to the African American community; which is historically underprivileged also due to preconceived notions and prejudices. There are many rea sons for this, the primary one being the historical one where they had access to formal education for a short period due to slavery. Even today, there are many prejudices that are associated with race in the minds of people of all races. Sport is seen as one of the main ways African youths can escape the poverty of the places they were born. For the eradication of such beliefs, education is considered as the best remedy. People like Booker T. Washington (Washington, 2006) also suggested this. There are, however, problems that have occurred during the implementation of this policy. Many African Americans secure admissions to good colleges because of their skills in sports, and this often makes them to neglect other aspects like their education. Due to the oppressive circumstances, they have to go through; many see this as the only avenue that is open. This discussion is about those sections of the African American community that is economically underprivileged, and not those that hav e achieved a high social status in their lives. The importance of this difference must be understood, and affirmative governmental action should be taken to account for the differences that are engendered by class distinctions, while at the same time being aware of the handicaps that racial oppression has created in the society. Interest in sports has also to do with history and the challenge that the African American community took up for attempting to rival the other races that had oppressed them for long. Sadly, this took on the form of a machismo that had the corollary of leading to the oppression of African American women at the hands of African American men. It is important to look at this lack of strategic essentialism, in an analysis of the importance of sports in the development of certain unhealthy social trends amongst people of the African American community. Sport has led to the achievement of many laurels for the United States of America. However, it has led to the pol arisation of several communities based on essentials that has stemmed from historic stereotypes and inequalities. In Stuck in the shallow End: â€Å"Education, Race, and Computing, UCLA researcher† Margolis Jane outlines the history of swimming in the USA to show how blacks have been affected by inadequate access to swimming facilities and lessons. She asserts â€Å"In most cases of discrimination, typecasts and systems of beliefs about dissimilar ethnic gender groups genetic makeup and

Case study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case study - Coursework Example The failure to do this is the reason why Alisi’i cannot gainsay whatever Ed says, since Ed is her boss. Mei can also not speak up for the same reason (Marynissen, 2011, 194). The task maintenance role that Ed plays is managing the financial, health and safety aspect of the project. Alisi’i will have to keep the accounting records of the project as Mike looks for the most pocket-friendly package for the project. Mary represents the clients while Wirimu oversees the process entirely carried through. Mei may help install the heat pumps. The four problems Wirimu is facing are: the big man syndrome in the meeting (as is epitomized by Ed); inordinate balancing of power among the project members; the presence of hardliners; and lack of proper communication. The major problem is the sharp difference in opinion concerning the installation of the heater, as the way to solving extreme temperature variations. The solution is making sure that the members of the project team are equal in authority and calling for a compromise in the team. It is the best decision that Wirimu has allowed the team to email him. This will help the team carry out a consensus to determine the way forward. GameZ new organisational culture can be described as bet your company culture. This is because GameZ is taking on new approaches such as removing Friday evening shouts, appointing three senior employees in a less competitive manner and being emphatic on the organisation’s profitability without factoring unforeseen consequences. The possible reason for Jane’s behaviour may be the detection of performance gap, at the end of the fiscal year. The link between culture and communication is complementary in nature. Organisational culture is relayed through communication, while proper organisational culture fosters democratic dissemination of information hierarchically and horizontally. To develop proper organisational culture, it is

Dance Injury - Hamstrings Essay Example for Free

Dance Injury Hamstrings Essay Dance is an art form. Professional dancers pride themselves for being able to express complicated emotions through the artistic interpretation of movements. Like athletics, dancers are very prone to physical injury, that is, their work requires intense physical training in which often result in mild or severe injuries. This essay will attempt to investigate and understand what is the hamstring strain or tear injury, how it occurs, and ways to prevent such injury. A dance piece is constituted with a variety of movements displayed by the human body. One of the primary functions of the skeletal system is to provide support and shape while the muscular system is to provide a range of movements by moving the different limbs of the body. Therefore, the kinesiology muscle of a dancer that directs the leg into amazing moves is complicated. The hamstring muscle group consist of three muscle; the Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and the Semimembranosus. The hamstring muscle group is located at the back of the thigh. According to â€Å"The Anatomy of Exercise and Movement†, the Bicep Femoris is the largest and most lateral of the three hamstring muscles. It has ‘the long head’ and ‘the short head’ making it a bicep muscle. Its primary purpose is to contract, consequently helping in hip outward rotation. As for the other two hamstring muscles, the Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus are completely synergistic, doing the same actions together. Working at the hip, both muscles extend and are active in internal rotation (pg.144). All three muscles in the hamstring muscle group have the same origin, which is the Ischial Tuberosity, also known as the sitz bone, situated at the bottom of the pelvis bone. Even though the F asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf asdf hamstring muscle group have same origins, each muscle has a different insertion, the Bicep Femoris; the head of Fibula (bone) and the lateral of Tibia (bone), Semitendinosus; proximal of Tibia, medial to Tebial Tuberosity, Semimembranosus; Tibia. The hamstring muscle group helps in extending the leg backwards and bending the knees. Hence, this specific group muscle helps in producing dance movements namely ‘plies’, ‘passe’, ‘attitude devant’, and ‘arabesque’. The hamstring strain or tear injury can be a pull, a partial tear or a complete tear of the muscle. The strain or tear is to be found at the peak of elongation velocity when producing movements. This injury occurs when the hamstring muscle group is ‘strain’ beyond its normal length whilst producing a certain eccentric contraction movement. A strain or tear can also happen when the muscles are challenged with a sudden load or work to produce a movement or several movements. â€Å"A common problem in dancers is imbalance or asymmetry that can result in hamstring injury. The imbalance could be muscular or structural.† (livestrong.com). An example of such imbalance is when a dancer is dancing with a tilted pelvis. This can result to an over emphasis on the quadriceps muscles and only stretching the hamstring group muscles. Livestrong.com continue to name a list of reason how the hamstring group muscle can be injured when a dancer overstretches and ‘overuse injur y’. Overstretching seems to be contradictory, as part of being a dancer is to be flexible. Most dancers have a similar mindset. If the leg extension is not long or high enough when performing movements such as a ‘battement’; he or she simply needs to stretch out the tightness. This action can result to severe muscle strain. Consequently, the ‘overuse injury’ can occur simply from working on a specific dance technique or dance movement for too long. Without proper strength in the hamstrings, and rest for the muscles, the hamstrings undergo continuous tension and this can result in tears and fatigue (livestrong.com). There are other factors which increase the likelihood of suffering a hamstring strain or tear injury. Age, flexibility of the hamstring muscle group, as well as tiredness and lack of fitness are namely some of the contributing factors to this injury. The hamstring strains or tear can be graded according to the severity of the injury. Grade 1 consists of minor tears within the muscle. A grade 2 is a partial tear in the muscle and grade 3 is a severe or complete rupture of the muscle (sportsinjuryclinic.net). The symptoms of a grade 1 hamstring strain are; the injured dancer may feel a slight pull or tightness and minimal swelling in the posterior thigh. Consequently, he or she will be aware of slight discomfort when walking. Following on, grade 2 hamstring strains or tears may be associated with occasional sudden twinges of pain when producing a movement. As a result, gait will be affected and limping may be present. Moreover, flexing and applying pressure to the knees may cause pain. Therefore, a dancer with grade 2 hamstring strain or tears might be unable to fully straighten the knees. Finally, walking will be severely impaired in a grade 3 hamstring tear resulting to the need of walking aids. A dancer will feel severe pain particularly when producing a knee flexion. In addition to all that is mention, a grade 2 and 3 hamstring strain or tear may indirectly affect one’s posture. This is a result of impulses transferred by the nervous system from the hamstring muscle group to the Central Nervous System (CNS). The CNS consists of the spinal cord and the brain, transmitting impulses from the spinal cord to the brain. There are 5 pairs of sacral plexus in the spinal cord, containing four sacral nerves, which branch out, supplying sensory to the muscles attached to the pelvis, buttocks, and part of the lower limbs. The sciatic nerve, which branches out from the sacral plexus, is the longest nerve of the body and is responsible for the pain associated with the hamstring group muscle. â€Å"The nerve supply becomes impeded by excess pressure or damage and pain, is experienced in the hips and buttocks down through the knee to the ankle.† (An Holistic Guide to Anatomy and Physiology, 2006, pg.213). It is vitally important that treatment for a pulled hamstring starts immediately. The most important phase for treatment is the first 48 hours post-injury. Treatment of hamstring strains or tears will vary depending on the type of injury, its severity, and the needs and expectations of the patient. However, treatment can be generally divided into two types; Non-Surgical treatment and Surgical Treatment. Most hamstring strains heal very well with simple non-surgical treatments methods such as R.I.C.E, an acronym for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation. A dancer who is experiencing a hamstring strain should take rest, and avoid activities that strain the muscle group. In addition, he or she should apply cold packs several times a day on the straining area but not directly onto the skin. Also, the patient should wear an elastic band for compression to avoid more swelling and blood lost. To reduce swelling, he or she should recline, elevating the leg above the heart level. After R.I.C.E, dancers who wish to rehabilitate from a hamstring strain should get physical therapy treatments to restore the range of motion and strength. Surgical treatment is most often performed for tendon avulsion injuries, where the tendon has pulled completely away from the bone. Like treatments, the duration for a full recovery from a hamstring strain and tear injury vary depending on its severity. A grade 1 injury will probably take seven to ten days, a grade 2 injury will take four to six weeks however a grade 3 injury can take up to 4 or more months. â€Å"One of the most important methods of preventing a pulled hamstring is to warm-up correctly. This has been scientifically proven to reduce the risk of hamstring strain.†(sportsinjuryclinic.net). Warm-ups should gradually increase in intensity. Moreover, most dancers often fail to understand the importance of strengthening exercises. Dancers focus too much on stretching the muscle, lengthening but making it week and unable to support the range of motion when dancing. Boyd Bender, a physical therapist for the Pacific Northwest Ballet stated to strengthen the hamstring muscle group, dancers should also strengthen the quadriceps muscle group. This is because these muscle groups work in concert. If trained correctly, the strength ratio should be 60% of quadriceps muscle group and 40% of hamstring muscle group, with each muscle group supporting and complementing each other to prevent injuries. (findarticles.com). On top of dance technique classes, dancers should also add Pilates and Gyrotonic class for dynamics of stretch, strength, and movement for a well-rounded regimen. Dancers should also include stretching bands when practicing technique. With the use of stretching bands like Thera-Band, dancers not only refine their technique but also strengthen their muscle groups. The body is the instrument for a dancer. Every dancer should aim to achieve optimum capacity of his or her body through warm-ups, body conditioning, technique classes, stretching and cool-down. In conclusion, dancers should never work their body recklessly. Like all instruments, it should be refined and well taken care of.

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Modern American (1885) 1. The Author and His Times Mark Twain, the pen name of Samuel Clemens, was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835. When he was four, his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri, the setting for many of his books. His father died when he was 12. After his father died, he went to work as a printer ¹s apprentice and eventually as a printer in Missouri, St. Louis, and New York often writing a few works himself for periodicals. He worked as a printer and a reporter selling much of his work to newspapers. He continually moved from town to town. In 1857, he decided to move to South America to make a fortune there. He boarded a riverboat and headed for New Orleans where he would arrange the rest of his trip. However, he never made it past New Orleans and never into South America. He begged the riverboat to teach him how to pilot the riverboat. The riverboat pilot agreed to teach him for $500. Mark Twain went west during the civil war and established himself as a writer during this time. He wrote humorous stories about his experiences which lead to a job as a newspaper reporter in 1862. The following year he began signing his work  ³Mark Twain, ² a riverboat term meaning two fathoms deep. Mark Twain went to Hawaii in 1866. This trip was the beginning of his career as a travel correspondent. The next year he went to Europe and wrote a successful book there titled, The Innocent Abroad. In 1876, he published The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. This book was such a success that he decided immediately to write a sequel. The sequel, which became much more complex than the original was published seven years later in 1883 and titled, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. After Huckleberry Finn, Twain wrote nearly a dozen more books but none were as successful. By 1939, Twain had lost all of his money investing in various schemes and inventions, almost all of which were failures. After this, he went on a world lecture tour and was able to pay his debts by 1896. While on the tour, one of his daughters died. His wife later in 1904. In 1909 his daughter died leaving him unhappy. 2. Form, Structure, and Plot The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn consists of 43 chapters and is told in the first person with

Bahram Ahmadi

A programme of work for the implementation of a strategy is a large set of coherent guidelines that include several activities in the program so as to achieve certain objectives. It involves several processes including organising, coordination, developing, designing, training, building, developing, growing, closing, etc. In any program strategy for a project, the objectives of the organisation play a very important role.The project program strategy gives importance to the manager that would be responsible for carrying out the operations of the project, the timing and the nature of the activities, and the dealing with specific tastes of the customers. Project program strategy is highly specific to a project. However, there may be more than one strategy to be employed to meet the objectives of the project. During the planning stages, the managers would sit down to develop a strategy.These strategies are developed so as to be appropriate with the characteristics of the organisation, hum an resources, geographical location, social features, politics, etc (Walter, 1999). For each project in an organisation, the program of work (workflow as such) is managed independently. The project manager would be looking at several limitations in the resources, including time, money and the scope.A project may fail due to several reasons (including deficiency of resources, lack of goals, conflict issues, problems with the customers, etc), and the manager would have to anticipate these problems right during the initiation of the project and ensure that a problem-solving process is enabled. Each project manager would be determining the ongoing processes in the project through monitoring and evaluation of the performances.The project manager would have to adopt different strategies so that the organisation could achieve certain objectives and hence reach a desired goal (Brentani, 2003, Walter, 1999, University of Texas, 2007 & Rad, 2006). The process of developing a strategy for the project is very simple. The managers would have to sit down and decide the various objectives that need to be achieved by the project. The means of achieving such objectives need to be discussed. The manager should involve other parties including the administration, the portfolio manager and the stakeholders.It may be very difficult to come to a consensus if too many people are involved in the process. This is because several people may have different values, outlines and approaches. The process of setting up the objectives, determining the goals and the ways of achieving them is very tedious and could take a long time. The manager should associate the strategy needed to achieve the objectives. During the final stages, the manager would have to also ensure that the strategy/ies adopted help to meet the objectives (Walter, 1999)On the other hand, portfolio of the project management is an approach in which various projects in an organisation are treated as smaller portions of a much l arger venture (with respect to investment and resource allocations). The project portfolio management would be functional right from the initiation of the project to the very completion. Certain instruments are utilised in the portfolio project management to help the managers (including planning, allocation of resources, evaluation, monitoring, analysing, standardization, etc).This can be considered as a centralised instrument required to effectively handle several projects in an organisation and to study the performance of several projects that may run in an organisation. It can be utilised to compare and contrast various projects. One very important feature of project portfolio management is to determine the costs, expenditure, benefits, investments and other features of the project. In recent years portfolio management has turned out to be a very important aspect of planning, especially in IT firms.IT companies would be managing several projects and programs running in various pa rts of the world through an effective portfolio management system. Studies conducted in the past have demonstrated a little less than half of the IT companies are unable to meet their targets due to inefficient portfolio management (Oracle, 2007, Stanford University, 2007 & UMT Consulting Services, 2007). The portfolio manager mix of projects should be such that the resources of the organisation are utilised effectively.They should be selected in such a way that the risks are significantly reduced. The portfolio manager is in a good position to priortize the projects and accordingly allocates the resources. He should be able to select the project based on their ability to fulfil certain criteria (Crow, 2004 & Oracle, 2007). A portfolio management system would be much broader and would include several other processes such as defining the opportunities, bringing those projects into the focus that would be able to achieve some objectives, monitoring of the projects, etc.Portfolio manag ement should be considered to be an art rather than a science. Frequently, portfolio managers would have to work with the fund managers of the organisation, so that there is effective use of the money. Portfolio management is frequently utilised in several developed, and slowly developing nations are moving towards effective portfolio management (Crow, 2004, Brentani, 2003 & Rad, 2006). A portfolio management system is often utilised by an organisation to bring about success in the project (as many projects could be effectively be handled simultaneously).A portfolio may be funds or resources and can be utilised by the organisation to increase returns over a very short period of time. An organisation would observe that the resources available at any point of time would be less than the amount of resources required by a particular project. Hence, one of the main objectives of the portfolio managers would be to effectively manage the resources of several ongoing projects. The managemen t of the organisation needs to sit and figure out what the commitment of the organisation would actually be.As management of an organisation is a dynamic process, this exercise has to be done from time to time. Besides, actually managing several resources including human resources, logistics, IT, support systems, etc, time also needs to be handled. The management should be very much interested in ensuring that the portfolio management processes are enabled properly. The organisation should ensure that the interests of each and every protject are enabled. If a project is not performing properly, the ideal plan would be to discontinue it, if the organisation does not have the resources to handle it.A proper flow of information of the project should exist so that the process of monitoring is effective. It is very important that the projects be managed in a formal and official manner. The data that would be flowing would be much more accurate and effective in ensuring the objectives of the organisation are met. There should be a clear flow of data between the programs, projects and the portfolios (Brentani, 2003, Walter, 1999, & Rad, 2006). In the portfolio management, all the projects that are ongoing in the organisation are chosen and a standardised fashion of evaluating them is utilised.Portfolio management is very much required for the production, development and the utilisation of ideas and intellectual property in various projects in an organisation. The portfolio manager would be performing various tasks such as reallocating and promoting the staff members (as per their characteristics) in various projects. Thus it can be seen that if an organisation has a very good portfolio manager, he would be using the human resources very efficiently (UMT Consulting Group, 2007). The entire framework of portfolio management involves three steps, namely creating, selecting and managing.The goals and the strategies to be adopted in the portfolio management are made keepi ng in mind the characteristics of the organisation. Accordingly, new opportunities that are present should be identified and resources allocated. The objectives have to be prioritised and the tasks and activities that are to be done are selected. Finally, it is also important that the project be managed in the most efficient and organised manner (UMT Consulting Group, 2007). Many organisations do not have any portfolio management process running.Only the companies that feel that research frequently perform it and development is vital for the well being of the company. Only about 10 % of all organisations in the industry do have a strong portfolio management system in place. If a portfolio management system were not in place, then all the projects in the organisation would be given equal amount of importance or authorisation. This would result in all the projects that are going on in the organisation are given equal amount of resources (Rad, 2006).In an organisation, the project or t he program manager would ensure that the project could achieve its objectives. On the other hand, the portfolio manager would ensure that the operational activities and the maintenance programs in the organisation are smooth and functional. The team leader and the middle scale managers usually do the project management. On the other hand, the higher staff members including the administration do the portfolio management.The higher management of the organisation would be concentrating on the portfolio, rather than the functioning of each individual project (Brentani, 2003 & Rad, 2006). In a project or a program management, the team leaders and the manager would ensure that the staff members meet the specific goals of the project. The organisations main aim would be to deliver quality products or services. The portfolio manager would instead be ensuring that the goals of each and every project are in tune with that of the organisation.In the project management, a lot of importance is g iven to completing the tasks on time and ensuring that costs are limited. On the other hand, the portfolio management would be concentrating to a very less extent on fulfilling completion tasks on time and using the minimal amount of resources. The members of the portfolio management team would include the leader, the stakeholder, advocates, project managers and the office managers (Brentani, 2003, Stanford University, 2007 & Rad, 2006). The project or the program management should work in coordination with the portfolio management.Several processes in the project such as selection of the resources, prioritisation of the targets of the project, and the resource allocation should be performed in the most appropriate manner. The decision-making of the project needs to be very active and dynamic in nature. Informed decision-making and resource allocation is very important for the project to function properly. The project or program manager has to ensure that certain structures or a fra mework in the organisation is in place before the functional activities can be carried out.The project environment should be such that the objectives kept in mind can be achieved. The program manager and the portfolio manager should ensure that an environment is created that would be conducive to achieving the objectives of the organisation. The project members should function as a team so that the objectives are met. The team working on the project should have the skill, experience, knowledge and the competence to carry out the tasks of the project.One of the main reasons why projects do not succeed is because they may take long time to produce the results or may consume a lot of the resources. To ensure the project is effective (to ensure completion of the tasks) and efficient (completion of the tasks with appropriate use of the resources) in its objectives, it is very much needed that both the project management and the portfolio management work in close coordination with each ot her (Brentani, 2003 & Rad, 2006). The management activities of the portfolio management would be repetitive in nature.On the other hand, the management activities of the project management would be cyclic in nature. If the portfolio manager can take care of the functioning of all the projects, then the organisation can be considered to be very competitive. If a project does well, it would have an impact on the functioning of the organisation, but also on other projects (Brentani, 2003 & Rad, 2006). Portfolio management would definitely help the organisation to grow, expand and develop. The wealth of the organisation would increase with an effective portfolio management strategy.The portfolio manager would be bringing in various assets (including infrastructure, support systems, financial resources, human resources, logistics, etc) and securities into the organisation. He would be considering investing in various ways including growth stock investing and value stock investing. From t ime to time, the objectives of the organisation would vary and hence, it is the duty of the portfolio managers to vary the investment pattern in the organisation. A greater amount of flexibility would be required.The management style of the portfolio managers should also vary depending on the needs (Brentani, 2003). A portfolio manager and the program/project manager would be concentrating on different characteristics of the project. The portfolio manager would be using the PPM (project portfolio management) tools, whereas the project manager would be using the single-project management tools. The PPM tools would ensure that the functioning becomes more and more efficient, the costs are effectively distributed and the profits of the organisation are increased.It also ensures that the organisation is following a particular framework whilst managing the projects (Brentani, 2003 & UMT, 2007). Each project has to be carefully planned and implemented in the organisation. The entire proje ct management should be done in phases. The project management tools would ensure that the staff members make effective use of the resources in the organisation and ensure completion of the targets that are required within the project. The project manager would have to motivate the staff so that the work is improved in quality and the project is able to achieve its targets.Only if the management practises of the project are appropriate, could it be able to achieve its objectives (Free Management Library, 2007, Brentani, 2003 & Rad, 2006). The program strategy would be concerning a greater amount of internal issues with relation to the project, whereas the project portfolio management would be concerning the external issues. It is necessary that the portfolio mangers align their objectives as per the strategic objectives of each program.The portfolio processes should be customised to suit other management processes that would be functional in the organisation, simultaneously. Both pr ogram strategy management and portfolio management involve interacting with the clients, and hence demonstrate the importance of clients with respect to management and its processes (Stanford University, 2007). References: Brentani, C. (2003), Portfolio Management, Elsevier, Philadelphia http://books. google. com/books? id=8LJrilH_eEEC&pg=PT14&dq=portfolio+management&sig=x-IYrHl67RaZTocKedqv_fTBX3w#PPT16,M1Crow, K. (2004), A Practical Approach To Portfolio Management, [Online], Available: http://www. npd-solutions. com/portfolio. html, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. Free Management Library (2007), Project Management, [Online], Available: http://www. managementhelp. org/plan_dec/project/project. htm, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. Oracle (2007), Peoplesoft Enterprise Project Portfolio Management, [Online], Available: http://www. oracle. com/media/peoplesoft/en/pdf/datasheets/e_epm_ds_projportmgmt_41005. pdf, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. Rad, P.F. & Levin, G. (2006), Project Portfolio Man agement, IIL, New York. http://books. google. com/books? id=PUavbSMdP7QC&pg=PA7&dq=project+portfolio+management&sig=Nwscmbzr4s8B_X2cHG26-1hiW9Y#PPA10,M1 Stanford Advanced Project Management (2007), Mastering the Project Portfolio, [Online], Available: http://apm. stanford. edu/courses/MPP. html, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. Stanford University (2007), Portfolio Management Team, [Online], Available: http://www. stanford. edu/dept/its/projects/PMO/files/pmt. html, [Accessed: 2007, August 18].Walter, S. L. (1999), Defining and developing program strategies, [Online], Available: http://www. sil. org/lingualinks/literacy/PlanALiteracyProgram/DefiningAndDevelopingProgramSt. htm, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. Walter, S. L. (1999), Defining program objectives, [Online], Available: http://www. sil. org/lingualinks/literacy/PlanALiteracyProgram/DefiningProgramObjectives. htm, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. UMT Consulting Services (2007), PPM – Project Portfolio Management Consulting, [Onl ine], Available: http://www.umt. com/site/PPM-Consulting_60. html? PHPSESSID=9917b5631be27d19dbb1d077885e2866, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. UMT Consulting Group (2007), What's Really Driving the Importance of Portfolio Management? (DM Review, February 27, 2004), [Online], Available: http://www. umt. com/site/Why-Portfolio-Management_4. html, [Accessed: 2007, August 18]. University of Texas –DIIA (2007), Project management tutorial, [Online], Available: http://www. utexas. edu/academic/cit/howto/tutorials/project/index. html, [Accessed: 2007, August.

Essay about The Glorious Stradivari Revolution - 1006 Words

The Glorious Stradivari Revolution Antonio Stradivari, a man known by many as on of the greatest luthiers of all time. The question at hand is why? From as early as the early 1700’s Stradivari was well known in the music world and still is. His instruments are reproduced in order to fool consumers into buying an instrument that has the same design as a Strad. There are also luthiers that try to replicate Stradivari’s beautiful design for their own satisfaction. Antonio Stradivari’s instruments have become socially and technically popular over time due to his superior craftsmanship, and for others, its large price tag. Stradivari’s life, affecting how his instruments were made, changed the perception of his instruments†¦show more content†¦How fine for instance is the semi-circular termination at the lower peg box? He was the inceptor of the slanting soundholes which influence the formation and free emission of sonorous tone. The Amati soun dholes are ‘set straight’ and to a certain extent cause a loss of tone†¦(Henley ch. 1, 15) Even as an apprentice he had begun changing the standard of the Amati violin, whose bar was set very high. Stradivari’s life as a luthier can be split into four different periods. The Amati, Experimental, Golden, and Decline. The Amati period, 1666-1699, was a period of time when he was under the apprenticeship of Nicolo Amati. Although the period is called the Amati period, his instruments then did not resemble much of Nicolo’s work. Stradivari was just in the beginning of his life as a luthier. The biggest changes of his instruments during this time period were the width and materials used. The next period was the Experimental period, which lasted from 1690 to 1700. During this period he experimented with both the varnish, and the length. Stradivari’s varnish had changed many times. It was thought that his varnish was what made his instruments sound they way they do. The climax of Stradivari’s work was known as the Golden period, which lasted from 1700 to around 1720. â€Å"All materials are carefully selected. Scrolls less deeply cut and beautiful ly carved, fine